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Main conclusion Seeds of native species from the rain forest (Amazon) are source of chitinases and their protein extracts exhibited strong and broad antifungal activity.Numerous plant species native to the Amazon have not yet been chemically studied. Studies of seeds are scarcer, since adversities in accessing study areas and seasonality pose constant hurdles to systematic research. In this study,...
Main conclusion A conserved blue light sensing and transduction pathway contributes to blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of red pear. Abstract Peel color is an economically important characteristic that influences the appearance quality of red pear, whose red color is due to anthocyanin accumulation. The process of coloration in the fruit peel is strongly influenced by light...
Main conclusion Melatonin-mediated osmotic tolerance was attributed to increased antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism, osmoregulation and autophagy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Melatonin is known to play multiple roles in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, its role in wheat has been rarely investigated. In this study, 25% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) was used to simulate osmotic...
Main conclusion Downregulation in the expression of the signal recognition particle 43 (SRP43) gene in tobacco conferred a truncated photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna (TLA property), and resulted in plants with a greater leaf-to-stem ratio, improved photosynthetic productivity and canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions.Evolution of sizable arrays of light-harvesting...
Main conclusion The maize inbred line W22 has lower herbivore-induced volatile production than B73 but both fall armyworm larvae and the wasps that parasitize them prefer W22 over B73. Abstract Maize inbred line W22 is an important resource for genetic studies due to the availability of the UniformMu mutant population and a complete genome sequence. In this study, we assessed the suitability of...
Main conclusion Fourteen new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and ten favorable alleles were identified for lodging resistance traits in a natural population of rice. Parental combinations were designed to improve lodging resistance.Lodging is one of the most critical constraints to rice yield, and therefore, mining favorable alleles for lodging resistance traits is imperative for the advancement of...
Main conclusion NO3− not only inhibited the reutilization of cell wall P via decreasing root cell wall pectin content and PME activity, but also hampered the P translocation from root to shoot.The rice cultivars ‘Kasalath’ (Kas) and ‘Nipponbare’ (Nip) were used to demonstrate that the nitrogen source NO3− inhibits internal phosphorus (P) reutilization in rice under P-absence conditions. Analysis using...
Main conclusion Rice MTP11 is the trans-Golgi-localized transporter that is involved in Mn tolerance with MTP8.1, and it is required for normal fertility.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most manganese (Mn)-tolerant species, and it is able to accumulate high levels of this metal in the leaves without showing toxic symptoms. The metal tolerance protein 8.1 (MTP8.1), a member of the Mn-cation diffusion...
Main conclusion AtPPR4-mediated trans-splicing of plastid rps12 transcripts is essential for key embryo morphogenetic events such as development of cotyledons, determination of provascular tissue, and organization of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), but not for the formation of the protodermal layer.Members of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) containing protein family have emerged as key regulators...
Main conclusion TaGF14b enhances tolerance to multiple stresses through ABA signaling pathway by altering physiological and biochemical processes, including ROS-scavenging system, stomatal closure, compatible osmolytes, and stress-related gene expressions in tobaccos.The 14-3-3 proteins are involved in plant growth, development, and in responding to abiotic stresses. However, the precise functions...
Main conclusion Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and functional characterization of previously uncharacterized hexokinase family of oil crop, Brassica napus, underscore the importance of this gene family in plant growth and development.In plants, the multi-gene family of dual-function hexokinases (HXKs) plays important roles in sugar metabolism and sensing that affect growth and development...
Main conclusion This review provides insights into As toxicity in plants with focus on photosynthesis and sugar metabolism as important arsenic targets and simultaneously defence tools against accompanying oxidative stress.Heavy metal contamination is a great problem all over the world. Arsenic, a metalloid occurring naturally in the Earth’s crust, also massively spreads out in the environment by...
Main conclusion Our results showed that methylboronic acid is capable of alleviating boron deficiency, enhancing plant growth, and is less toxic than boric acid at higher concentrations.Boron is an essential plant micronutrient and its deficiency occurs in several regions globally, resulting in impaired plant growth. Boron fertilization is a common agricultural practice, but the action range of boron...
Main conclusion The glyphosate-resistant gene, GR79Ms, was successfully introduced into the genome of alfalfa. The transgenic events may serve as novel germplasm resources in alfalfa breeding.Weed competition can reduce the alfalfa yield, generating new alfalfa germplasm with herbicide resistance is essential. To obtain transgenic alfalfa lines with glyphosate resistance, a new synthetic glyphosate-resistant...
Main conclusion Plant tissue culture as an important tool for the continuous production of active compounds including secondary metabolites and engineered molecules. Novel methods (gene editing, abiotic stress) can improve the technique.Humans have a long history of reliance on plants for a supply of food, shelter and, most importantly, medicine. Current-day pharmaceuticals are typically based on...
Main Conclusion The SmERF6, which recognizes the GCC-box of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 promoter in nucleus, regulates the tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots.Tanshinone, an important medicinal ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is best known for its use in medicine. However, the transcription factor regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we isolated and identified a...
Main conclusion Salicylic acid alleviates lead toxicity in Brassica juncea (L.) by promoting growth under non-stress and activating stress-defense mechanism (s) under lead stress conditions. It also boosts the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and thus helps in minimizing oxidative and DNA damage.Brassica juncea plants were exposed to different concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg−1) of lead (Pb)...
Main conclusion Stilbene synthase (STS) and its metabolic products are accumulated in senescing grapevine leaves. Ectopic expression of VpSTS29 in Arabidopsis shows the presence of VpSTS29 in oil bodies and increases trans-piceid in developing leaves.Stilbenes are the natural antimicrobial phytoalexins that are synthesised via the phenylpropanoid pathway. STS is the key enzyme catalysing the production...
Main conclusion Transcriptomic analysis indicates that the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome enhances plant growth through a combination of enhanced cell division and cell enlargement, and possibly enhances photosynthesis.Lumichrome (7,8 dimethylalloxazine), a novel multitrophic signal molecule produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria, has previously been shown to elicit growth promotion...
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